Income metrics answer different questions
Gross rental yield compares rent with property value, while cap rate uses net operating income. Cash-on-cash return focuses on cash invested.
Financing changes cash flow
Mortgage or other debt service can reduce cash flow even when a property has positive net operating income.
Local costs matter
Taxes, service charges, insurance, maintenance, vacancy, management, and legal rules vary. Use the calculators as scenario tools and verify local inputs.
Related working tools
Real Estate
Rental Yield Calculator
Calculate gross and net rental yield from property value, rent, and annual operating costs.
Open tool → Real EstateCap Rate Calculator
Calculate capitalization rate from net operating income and property value.
Open tool → Real EstateCash-on-Cash Return Calculator
Calculate annual cash-on-cash return for a property investment.
Open tool → Real EstateDSCR Calculator
Calculate debt service coverage ratio from net operating income and annual loan payments.
Open tool →