Reference guide

How Percentages Work

Understand percentage-of, percentage increase, decrease, and difference with formulas and examples.

What a percentage means

A percentage expresses a quantity per hundred. 15% means 15 out of every 100, or 0.15 as a decimal.

Core formulas

Percentage of a number: percentage ÷ 100 × number. Percentage change: difference ÷ original × 100.

Which calculator to use

Use Percentage Calculator for “x% of y,” Increase/Decrease for directional change, and Percentage Difference when neither value is naturally the original.

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